Since sperm issues affect around 40% of couples with infertility, it is important to do a semen analysis to identify any issues that may be present. The male partner should have between 2 to 5 days of abstinence, prior to collecting a semen sample for testing.
The assessment of sperm is essential as this step ensures accurate treatment design in order to target low sperm quality or number and increase the chance of success.
In some cases, a physical examination may be requested to evaluate the pelvic organs — the penis, testes, prostate and scrotum.
Hormone tests evaluate levels of testosterone and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) to determine the overall balance of the hormonal system and specific state of sperm production. Additional hormone evaluation may be requested according to the individual.
The integrity of genetic material in the sperm is essential for successful fertilisation and normal embryo development. Sperm DNA fragmentation is a term used to describe abnormal genetic material within the sperm, which in turn may lead to IVF failure and miscarriage. A conventional semen analysis done for sperm concentration, motility analysis and morphology assessment cannot assess the sperm at the molecular level and detect DNA fragmentation.
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